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Formula Sheets / Chemistry

Chapter 6

States of Matter

Revise with flashcards Download this chapter (PDF) All Chemistry formulas (PDF)

Gas laws Kinetic theory and real gases Liquid state

Gas laws

$P V = n R T,$ $\frac{P _{1} V _{1}}{T _{1}} = \frac{P _{2} V _{2}}{T _{2}},$ $d = \frac{P M}{R T}$
Dalton's law
$P = \sum p_{i},$ $p_{i} = x_{i} P$
Graham's law
$\frac{r _{1}}{r _{2}} = \frac{M _{2}}{M _{1}}$
$R = 0.0821$ L atm K $^{- 1}$ mol $^{- 1} = 8.314$ J K $^{- 1}$ mol $^{- 1}$

Kinetic theory and real gases

Speeds
$v_{rms} : v_{avg} : v_{mp} = 3 : 8/ π : 2$
Van der Waals
$(P + \frac{a n ^{2}}{V ^{2}}) (V - nb) = n R T$
Compressibility factor
$T_{c} = \frac{8 a}{27 R b},$ $Z < 1$ attractions dominate $, Z > 1$ repulsions dominate
Critical constants
$T_{c} = \frac{8 a}{27 R b},$ $P_{c} = \frac{a}{27 b ^{2}},$ $V_{c} = 3 b;$ $T_{B} = \frac{a}{R b}$

Liquid state

vapour pressure rises with temperature; boiling when vapour pressure $=$ external pressure

Thermodynamics Chemical Equilibrium