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Formula Sheets / Chemistry

Chapter 7

Chemical Equilibrium

Revise with flashcards Download this chapter (PDF) All Chemistry formulas (PDF)

Law of mass action Reaction quotient and dissociation Le Chatelier's principle

Law of mass action

$a A + b B ⇌ c C + d D : K_{c} = \frac{[ C ] ^{c} [ D ] ^{d}}{[ A ] ^{a} [ B ] ^{b}}$
$K_{p} = K_{c} (R T)^{Δ n_{g}}$
Manipulating K
reverse: $\frac{1}{K};$ $\times n : K^{n};$ adding reactions: multiply $K$

Reaction quotient and dissociation

$Q < K$ forward $;$ $Q = K$ equilibrium $;$ $Q > K$ backward
Degree of dissociation from density
$α = \frac{D - d}{( n - 1 ) d} (D =$ initial $, d =$ equilibrium vapour density $, n =$ particles per molecule $)$

Le Chatelier's principle

adding reactant $\to$ forward $;$ $↑ P \to$ fewer gas moles $;$ $↑ T \to$ endothermic direction
van 't Hoff
$lo g \frac{K _{2}}{K _{1}} = \frac{Δ H ^{\circ}}{2.303 R} (\frac{1}{T _{1}} - \frac{1}{T _{2}})$

States of Matter Ionic Equilibrium