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Formula Sheets / Chemistry

Chapter 17

Solutions

Revise with flashcards Download this chapter (PDF) All Chemistry formulas (PDF)

Concentration and Henry's law Raoult's law Colligative properties

Concentration and Henry's law

Henry's law
$p = K_{H} x$
ppm
ppm $= \frac{mass of solute}{mass of solution} \times 1 0^{6}$

Raoult's law

$p_{A} = x_{A} p_{A}^{\circ},$ $P = x_{A} p_{A}^{\circ} + x_{B} p_{B}^{\circ},$ $y_{A} = \frac{p _{A}}{P}$
Non-ideal
positive deviation: $Δ H_{mix} > 0, Δ V_{mix} > 0;$ negative: $Δ H_{mix} < 0, Δ V_{mix} < 0$

Colligative properties

Relative lowering
$\frac{p ^{\circ} - p}{p ^{\circ}} = i x_{solute}$
$Δ T_{b} = i K_{b} m,$ $Δ T_{f} = i K_{f} m,$ $π = i C R T$
van 't Hoff factor
$i = 1 + (n - 1) α$ (dissociation) $,$ $i = 1 - (1 - \frac{1}{n}) α$ (association)
Molar mass
$M = \frac{K _{b} \times w \times 1000}{Δ T _{b} \times W}$

Solid State Electrochemistry