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Formula Sheets / Chemistry

Chapter 28

Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

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Carboxylic acids Acid derivatives

Carboxylic acids

Acidity
FCH $_{2}$ COOH $>$ ClCH $_{2}$ COOH $>$ HCOOH $>$ C $_{6}$ H $_{5}$ COOH $>$ CH $_{3}$ COOH
HVZ
RCH $_{2}$ COOH $X_{2}, red P$ RCHXCOOH
Decarboxylation
RCOONa $NaOH/CaO$ RH

Acid derivatives

Reactivity to nucleophiles
acid chloride $>$ anhydride $>$ ester $>$ amide
esterification: RCOOH $+$ R $^{'}$ OH $⇌ H^{+}$ RCOOR $^{'} +$ H $_{2}$ O

Aldehydes and Ketones Amines