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Formula Sheets / Chemistry

Chapter 26

Alcohols Phenols and Ethers

Revise with flashcards Download this chapter (PDF) All Chemistry formulas (PDF)
AlcoholsPhenolsEthers

Alcohols

  • Lucas test

    3∘ immediate turbidity, 2∘ in about 5 min, 1∘ none at room temperature

  • Oxidation

    1∘→aldehyde→acid;2∘→ketone;3∘ resists

  • Dehydration

    3∘>2∘>1∘ (conc. H2​SO4​)

Phenols

  • Reimer–Tiemann: PhOHCHCl3​, NaOH​salicylaldehyde;Kolbe: PhONaCO2​​salicylic acid
  • phenol+Br2​(aq)→2,4,6-tribromophenol (white ppt)

Ethers

  • Williamson synthesis

    RONa+R′X→ROR′  (use a 1∘ halide)
  • ether+HI→ROH+R′I  (I attaches to the smaller alkyl group, or via SN1 to the 3∘)
Haloalkanes and HaloarenesAldehydes and Ketones