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Formula Sheets / Physics

Chapter 32

Communication Systems

Revise with flashcards Download this chapter (PDF) All Physics formulas (PDF)

Modulation

Modulation index (AM)
$μ = \frac{A _{m}}{A _{c}}$
Not in the current JEE Main syllabus; kept for older papers.
Sidebands
$f_{c} \pm f_{m};$ bandwidth $= 2 f_{m}$
Antenna and range
antenna length $\approx \frac{λ}{4};$ $d = 2 R h_{T} + 2 R h_{R}$

Semiconductors Experimental Physics